Composite piling.



0.6. GONKLING.

COMPOSITE FILING.

APPLIGATloNIvILBD Anllglee; v Y y l Patented Sept. 6, i910.

uff/messes o. C, CONKLING.

COMPOSITE FILING.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 16, 1909.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

V4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

C. G. GONKLING. COMPOSITE FILING.

APPLIUATLON FILED APB. 1e, 1909. @@Q. Paente. Sept. 6. 191.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. Y f

QZ i Y u U. C. CONKLING.

COMPOSITE FILING.

APPLIGATION FILED APR. 16, 1909.

laented Sept. 6, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEEI 4.

Al (l @freni En "i1 lll te we i' il am ,ansias osFlQE LCJUL CLEEISORD CGNKLNG, l? BUFFALQ, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'T LACKWANB STEEL COMPANY, GF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ooiarosi'rs PILmG.

Speccston of Letters Patent. i

rammed 'sepa o, isio,

'i anni 15.15 may concern: i51- itknown that l, Chorro C. Con Marzo, a citnaen of the llnited States, residing at But- 4falo, (in the county of .Erie and State ot New Yorlet, have invented new and uset'nl linproi'einents in Composite, Filing, of which the; following is i specification.

lily invention relates to intei-loclring` steel Isheet piling and consists in newY forms ot such piling and in the combination thereivith or" a concrete facing, whereby the piling is inade uset'nl Ator permanent structures.

@t late years interlocking'steel sheet pilino has come largely into use, and has displaced wooden slieetpiling' in many locations and t'or .many pnrooses. This steel sheet piling consists oi similarly i'ornied sections having on both. edges of the web interlocking flanges, or other interlockinfbr partsv1 either formed integra ly with the web in rolling or secured in position by rivets, viherelvy, when driving', the sections iiiteriock, each iviih the adjacent, sectii on both sides, forming a sell snstaininp, strong wall. Owing tothe increased cost oitl wood and the improvements in the anufactare oi steel, the use and nianulaenare oii this steel piling has been stimulated anni important ininovenients hare been introdnced, bnt sneh piling hereloi'ore has been particularly adapted for temporary use` only. i

illy invention has for ils object to adapt ,his interlocking steel piling to permanent rase; and to that end l have devised a special forni ot such pilingand means tor protectino` it against corrosion by dainpness, liqnios, gases, etc. i`he essential features ot the invention are the. addition ol longl'itndinai ribs to the section webs, provided with rods or other projections, and ol a protecting' coating oi concrete ot' suitable composition and thickness applied to the sections and lirnily bound thereto by engagement with :'he projections. .Such nev piling thus consists of a steel core wall which is interlowingA and seltsnstaininp and ol a proieciingj corering of plastic material ontlic .steel core, which also iinlnoves the appearance. The nenv article so profila-ed is praciically iinicsiriu'iihie and is adapted for use in permanent .sirncli es ot man vv kinds.

yFile inain strength ol' the wall strains and forces is allor-ded h v the steel; the 'concrete is particnlarlyv protective in function andv renders the wail aga inst allV practically Water tight'. In certain locations the con`l crete also acts as a vcushion protecting vthe steel against the impact of foreign bodies, such as ice, logs, vessels, etc. Such sections and such a Wall is essentially different 'lroni so-called reinforced concrete structnresjin this, thatA in the latter the concrete vis the iinportant supportingeleinent, but having-its tensile strength increased by metallic "bars, rods, Wires etc. whereas in niy invention the concrete adds as aforesaid little il' anything to the strength of the Wall, but! is ofimportance for protection, tor rendering-the wall water-tight and for the salie ot'uappear-ance. f

My invention is, particularly adapted for inarine Work such as revetnients,` piers, levees, docks, bulk-hea s, and (likes, also re.- taining walls, etc., but l do lnotpropose to liniit myself to such uses, for my peculiar pile structure could be used for other purposes, such as the lining of mine shafts or cotler-dains for building foundations,` etc. i\'or do propose to limit myself to any particular forni of steel piling, for varions sorts may be used either-rolled or fabricated, the essentials being that the walls shall be interlockinb` and self sustaining, by rthe, operation of the metallic parts alone, which inust be provided with reinforcing ribs and binding` projections, for cooperating with the protected cover-lng ot' plastic material. l have spoken ot' the interlocking:r core Wall as being` made of similar sections, but such Wall may be inade or" dissimilar sections commonly'alternately arranged. i

l prefer to practice -xny invention by forni! ing unitary `slabs of a single 'steel section, or at inositof two or three steel sections as seinbled as one, coated with concrete. These slabs, or composite" sections-are driveiror jctted into place, interlocking as driven, so that the Wall is practicallyfinishedas" the sections areinstalled. The edges of the slabs are formed to leave pockets finally to 100 be grouted, whereby the gronting Ais locked in place to forni a continuous protective. facing and a water-tight Wall.

lily invention is clearly shown' in the- Y drawing herewith in which the reference 1,05

letters of this description are used to indicate the ycorresponding parts in all the figures.

More completely to describe Vand ex lain the uses and advent-agesol my invention l ll? 2 esas/ia certain variations in details of construction.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation with portions broken away, of a wall composed of my peculiar slabs or sections. Fig. 6 is the edge elevation of a slab. Fig. 7 is a slight modication of Fig. 6. lFig. 8 is a plan showing a modification in the form of the proj eetions for binding the cement in place. The following figures make plain the characteristic features of m invention and illustrate more particularly tlie adaptability ot' my peculiar sections to use in various structures, Fig. 9 is a view in plan showing a series of baille walls in place to prevent erosion ot' the shore or bank. Fig. 10 is a plan showing the use of my piling to form a dock or sea wall. Fig. 1l is a plan illustrating a desirable construction for the intersection of two walls. Fig. 12 shows in plan a modi'- ication of the structure shown in Fig. 10. F i 13 shows a different form of inter loc ing steel section that may be used in my invention. Fig. 14 shows what l consider to be a most. desirable form of steel sheet pilingjto be used in this and in other coin nections. Fig. 15 shows a modificatie in the form of the ribs or concrete bin ling projections. l

Referring more particularly to Figs. l to 7 inclusive, 1 indicates a slab or single composite section, provided with any suita" le interlocking means along both edges of the web of the steel core for instance ianges 2 2 and 3-3. I have here illustrated what islknown to the trade as a double interlocking pile section of the Lackawanna type. These sections should be provided With longitudinal stitfening ribs 4 which have the effect greatly to strengthen the steel section against all strains, but are particularly adapted to receive rods, or other projections, for securing the concrete firmly in position. As shown in Fig. 4 more or less straight rods 7 may be provided for this purpose inserted through holes drilled, or punched, in the outer edges of the ribs and conveniently spaced to give sufficient binding strength to the structure in question. The spacing may also be varied in proportion to the thickness and therefore to the weight of the concrete to be applied in dit'- ferent constructions. f

As shown in Fig. 3, the rods may be short and inserted through a single rib, but I prefer the form shown in Fig. 4 where the rods are inserted through severalribs of adjacent steel sections and are bent at the ends 8.0i'

otherwise to maintain them in position par ticularly during the construction of the slab.

ln Figs. l and 2 is shown a form of securing rod 9 particularly adapted for a thick covering or' concrete. Here the rods are short and inserted through a single rib but are bent outwardly and then inwardly at l0 with their ends 11 engaging with the web, thus giving a spring bearing.

It will be understood that the ribs not only ait'ord a means for attaching the rods, but give a greater adhesive area. for the cement which might be sullicient of itseltI under some conditions to retain the concrete in position, but l prefer to add rods or other projections as shown. Merely for sustaining the binding rods or other projections, the ribs might be non-continuous as shown in Fig. 15, but I prefer continuous ribs as they add greatly to the strength of the wall.

lhe slabs preferably have their edges provided with longitudinal cavities, as shown, or of other suitable form, to form the pockets 12, when assembled. These cavities leave the contact edges 13, and as these contact edges are narrow friction in driving is reduced and easy driving is promoted. l/Vhen Y the slabs are in positlon these pockets, as well as the joint pockets 15 between the `interlocking flanges, are filled with a suitable grent, making a continuous wall with a continuous facing.

(iront in the pockets 15 prevents displacement of the sections, both laterally and longitudinally. In the peculiar Lackawanna type of ,double interlock steel sections having double pockets, in the joints, the grout adds somewhauto the tensile strength of the joint and greatly to thelateral strength. In this particular type of steel section the joints are practically water tight on account of the three points or lines of contact between the interlocking flanges, even without additional packing, but the grouting insures such water-tightness and in other forms of steel sections, that may be used, is of great importance to thabend.

As particularly illustrated in Figs. 5 and (3, thei concrete terminates a short distance above thc'lower ends of thesteel sections and isy beveled as shown at 16. The projecting steel end 17 acts as a cutting edgeand the bevels promote easy driving.

Preferably the concrete terminates a short distance below the upper end of the steel section leavingvthe short projecting. end 18 to receive the blows of the pile driver, whereby ,the injury to the cement is avoided. The end 18 has one or more holes 19 for handling the sections. When the wall or a sufficient part ot' the wall is completed by the driving of enough sections, la finishing top, or coping 2l of concrete, or other plastic material, is added to cover and protect the upper ends of the steel sections.

erosion.

Cri

eeees In Fig. 7 is indicated a section with concrete applied to the lower portion only, desirable for driving in Water with the naked u per end of the steel core rojectino above. v nih dp l channels riveted in place, as shown in Fig. 8 or the angles 26 of Fig. 13.

I have thus produced an interlocking composite sheet piling that gives essentially new results under the pile-driver.

More fully to explain my invention and to illustrate the new uses to which my new com. posite piling is applicable, (where heretofore wood piling, mattresses, rip-rap, etc. only could be used and where ordinary reinforced concrete structures were absolutely inipracf.

ticable) l have illustrated a few permanent structures to show the various principles involved.

In Fig. 9 are shown a series of inclined battle walls 30, strengthened by lateral walls 3l and arranged to prevent shore or bank adapted to save expense for much less wall per unit ot shore line is required than wherel a continuous wall is used.

In Fig. 10' is illustrated the use of my lnflfig. ll is illust-rated a suitable con-v struction of corner in which one ot' the steel core sections 37 is madecontinuous and two halt sections 3S are secured to the center of itsA web by angleslb. -Twlror more rods 40 or other projections are secured to the ywebs of the steel sections ,to bind in position the "cement 41 surrounding and protecting this .central portion, and leaving a large inter- Jlocking grouting pocket 42 between this central portion, or pillar, and the ends of the walls extending in the four directions. 45

" are buttresscs in which the cement is bound in position by a special arrangement ot' securing rods 4G.

place by bolts 49 having enlarged ball ends 50 to engage with the groove in the end of Such a structure is particularlyV On the outer ends of thel buttresses wooden tenders 48 are secured in.

as my peculiar sections are formed and protected, so as to be particularly adapted to permanent work, therefore they can be used as bearing piles as well as for sheet'piling, Whereas interlocking Ksteel piling, the basisof my invention has heretofore been adapt-- ed only for sheet piling and in temporary work and not for bearing piles.

F ig. l2 illustrates a structure` in which iny peculiar composite sections are used both: i

as sheet piles and as bearing piles. There is` here shown a series of circular walls 50 forming pockets tobe filled with stone, gravel etc. inclose'd in straight Walls 5l and particularly adapted for docks with superstructures etc. Here my peculiar sections act as bearing piles in reference tok the load of the superstructure, but as sheet piling in reference to excluding the water and retaining the lilled material. trated the angular arrangement of the slabs for which they must be particularlyformed,

ln this figure is illus-v fio with the cement facing on one sidev narrower than on the other and Athe edges inclinedpto tit as nearly as may be.

`While l prefer the Lackawanna type of steel sheet piling with which to construct my peculiar composite sections yet other forms of steel sheet piling may be used, and as an illustrationl have shown in Fig. 13, such a torni having a ball 63 and large flanges (i4 along one edge and smaller flanges 65 along the other edge of each steel section.

Fig. lsl shows a particularly strong form ot' steel sheet piling adapted to be used as a core herein and for other purposes because it approximates the section of a circular column, so Jfar as'strength is concerned..

This form has a web with interlocking flanges along both edges and two continuous reinforcing flanges extending outwardly from the body ot' the web on each side; this is not merely a duplication of the fianges, but is an approximation to a circular column as indicated and produces a sheet piling capable of resisting Aa great amount of strain both vertically and laterally, in proportion to its weight. l am aware that this torni is diflicult to be rolled integrally with the size of rolls now in use, but it may be fabricated, though as aforesaid l prefer to roll my steel cores in a single piece.

Though generally speaking the concrete will besecured on bot-h sides of the slabs, or steel sections yet, if desired, it may be applied to one side of the steel only, as shown in Fig. 3.

While I prefer the form of slab sections here shown, yet the steel sections, forming the core of the wall, may first be driven in place and the concrete applied thereto 'after they are iiiposition and to one or both sides.y Having thus described'my invention, what l claim is,-

' l. As a new article of manufacture, a.

coiiipssite piling sliiii iieiit use consisi csnci'ete applied o liffili Siiiiices ci iii/l com, said wie being piiwideil willi iii facs of th@ wie? with interlocking i0 iiitei'locl Wil" oii the Coiesvidel ivili 1 ticii and iii die i i ii@ coiiipo'sits pm com iiiirl of i iii plie@ io the :iloiL Y spoiiiiiiiig' iiiiiibei's; f'ii slabs and also pi'i l cfiiriposie piling s wie and of zi pimie applied to liQ Surf; being pmvidiil with Concrete and lieiiip` iidapeiil to l creia Quilting oii 1li@ f l afei' a. plurality of Slabs lilivf stalled, substantially' Q um Vb pimf'idenl will boli afl; l, :sgioiiciiiig iiifeiiibei's @ii slabs und also pix, web of dzlie com Seciioi Conc-re@ and :lie concimi@ gimen?) to lower easy driving a al fili@ mii' e ai 'lie i193) and.

bolli Willi liowii.'

ii; uae, each slam coi'@ being bolli @ligas lg miiiiiei's on il algo provi deswiberg. and Sliowii.

web :iii

i of a at@ bolli seu ziliiiig' boili #puiimiiig tlie if: aiicle of iiiiiiiiii'il caiiiposite piling' s ste/:l CQie Sections provided 'with l m i section be (l willi pi'oi n Y. Cement lo lie saioiis.

su: of coiiipOS i siibslaiili Il@ mid being loi engageictiiie u will labs adapted wrisifstirig 0ic :i

and of (101itlie cmi-fi, flocking iiiei'liic: .vll'li i@ cares oi' :inlciefl with ribs zuid consisting;

cir-inns uid of con/fete applied il, lle com, Suid com being iiiiiilzei's zilmig; coriespoiidin sliibfs ziiifl.

if sections i (is being "iiciiiife Coiiiposecl Seiias oi'.

izilly wel i-iczilly, ff' com aiifl of es 0f mid witli intereilges to iiilei'- @ii li@ also provided Scclioii ziiiil '9111'. A structure ycomposed of composite piling slabs, each slab consisting of afsteel- Score and of concrete'i'ipplied to the surface Aof the core, said core being provided with interlocking members along both edges to interlock with =corresponding members on the cores of adjacent slabs and also provided With ribs on the web ot' the core section and with binding projections on the iibs for the concrete,` said slabs being arranged to Jform lateral walls and reinforcingwalls therefor.

l2. A structure' composed of composite piling slabs, each slab consisting of a steel core and of concrete applied to the surface of said core, said core being provided with interlocking members along both edges tol interlock with members of the core of ad jacent slabs, said slabsbeing arranged to form lateral walls and angular walls and buttresses provided with fender faces, said angular walls being connected to the lateral Walls `and the buttressesbeing connected to the walls by the engagement ot the interlocking members on the slab cores.

13.*'As a new article of manufacture, a composite piling slab consisting of at least one steel core section and .of concrete applied to the surface of the core, said core being provided with interlocking members along both edges to interlock with corresponding members on the cores ot' adjacent slabs and also provided with ribs on the web of the core section and with rods inserted through holes in the ribs for binding the concrete, said rods being bent to extend oiiti'vardly beyond the ribs and having their ends lient back to engage with the section web.

14, In a structure composed of composite a joint between intersecting walls. said mem-I ber consisting ot' a steel sheet piling section,

two lialf sections secured tothe web ofthe First section by angle irons and extending binding wires for the concrete inserted through the section webs and having bent ends and concrete applied to said. sections and forming therewit-hia composite pillar.`

l5. As :i new article of nnuiut'acture, a

composite piling section consisting of a steel core and of concrete 'facing applied to the surfaces of the core said core being provided with binding projections at yboth sides to bind the .concrete in position and of inter-- locking members along both edges, said members projecting beyond the edges of the concrete facing sutliciently to engage with similar members on lthe cores of adjacent sections.

16. As a ne'w article ot' manufacture, a composite piling section consisting of a steel core andof a protective concrete coating piling slabs, a central member t'or toi-mingyapplied to both surfaces of the core, said cores and said Isections also being provided with integral binding projections on the. sections to engage with and lirinly bind the concrete facing in position on. the core.

1T. As a new article of manufacture, a composite pilingsectiomy consisting ot' a,

steel -core having interlocking members along its edges, to interlock with corresponding members on the cores of adjacent slabs, and of 'concrete applied to 'the surfaces ot' the core, vsaid core being provided with projections on its web to engage with and bind thel concrete securely to the coreto forni a unitary article. i

i8. A. continuons tight wall composed ot composite piling sections each section consistingof a steel core and oi. concrete facing applied to the. surfaces ot the core said core being provided with binding projections on its web at both sides to bind thc concrete in position and with interlocking members along both edges, said members projecting beyond the oi the concrete facing,l ticiently to engage with similar members on Vthe cores ot' adjacent sections,

lli. A continuous tight wall composed et driven adjacent,-

coniposile piling sections said sections consisting each ot' .a wall core and ol' concrete facing applied to the surfaces ot'. the core said core being provided with bindingl projections on its tend on both sides int-o engagement with the conci-cte tor binding the saine in position and willi interlocking members' along both edges said members projecting beyond the edges of the concrete facing to. engage with, similar iiieiiibers'on the cores of adjacent sections and tno spaces between the edges olf the composite sectionsbe'ing tilled with a conci-cte material.

.20. s a new article ot manufacture avv` .structure composed oiL composite piling slabs inserted in the eartli,`sa.id slabs being adapted toi' pei'n'ianeiit use and oonsistiiw' oi steel coro sections and ot' concrete applied to both surfaces' of the core, said core' boing proweb to cio vided with interlocking members along both edges to interlock withcorresponding 'niembers on the cores of adjacent slabs and also providedl with projections on both sides ot the web of the core section to engage with and firmly bind the coiicietc-ieacing in position on the interlocking sections.

2l. As anew article of manufacture a wall compos-ed of composite piling adapted for permanent use each slab coni sistng of one or more steel 003e sections and of concrete sppied to bot-h surfaces f the core, said core being provided with nter- ]ockng members aong both edges, extending beyond the edges of the concrete to interlock with corresponding members on the cores of adjacent slabs and also provided with binding projections to bind with and v secure the concrete aemg rmy 1n place,

said coi-e pjecting at both its lower and its 10 upper ends beyond the concrete. n In testimony whereof I have signed m name o this specification in the presenee of two subscribing Witnesses.

CLOUD CLIFFORD COl\TI{LIl\TGr.v 'Vitnesses CHANNING C. THORN, HAROLD E. MODQUGAL. 

